Testicular stiffness in varicocele: evaluation with shear wave elastography

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the evaluation of testes in patients with varicocele. Methods: A total of 116 testes of 58 patients with left-sided varicocele and 58 testes of 29 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The patients' testes were classified into groups A (normospermic) and B (oligospermic) based on the presence of oligospermia. The mean SWE values and volume of the testes with varicocele were compared with the contralateral normal testes of the patients and the testes of healthy controls. Results: The mean SWE value of the left testes in groups A (4.77 +/- 1.16 kPa) and B (6.15 +/- 1.96 kPa) exceeded that of the healthy controls (3.79 +/- 0.94 kPa) (P<0.001). The mean SWE value of the left testes in group B (6.15 +/- 1.96 kPa) exceeded that of group A (4.77 +/- 1.16 kPa) (P=0.002). No correlation was observed between testicular stiffness and the grade of varicocele (r=0.102, P=0.423). Conclusion: The testes with varicocele were stiffer than the contralateral testes and the testes of healthy controls, and SWE might play an auxiliary role to conventional ultrasonography in assessing pathologic alterations in the testis owing to varicocele.