Combination Therapy with Doxorubicin-Loaded Reduced Albumin Nanoparticles and Focused Ultrasound in Mouse Breast Cancer Xenografts

Because chemotherapeutic drugs are often associated with serious side effects, the central topic in modern drug delivery is maximizing the localization of drugs at the target while minimizing non-specific drug interactions at unwanted regions. To address this issue, biocompatible nanoparticles have been developed to enhance the drug half-life while minimizing the associated toxicity. Nevertheless, relying solely on the enhanced half-life and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects has been ineffective, and designing stimulus-sensitive nanoparticles to introduce the precise control of drug release has been desired. In this paper, we introduce a pH-sensitive, reduced albumin nanoparticle in combination with focused ultrasound treatment. Not only did these nanoparticles have superior therapeutic efficacy and toxicity profiles when compared to the free drugs in xenograft mouse models, but we were also able to show that the albumin nanoparticles reported in this paper were more suitable than other types of non-reduced albumin nanoparticles as vehicles for drug delivery. As such, we believe that the albumin nanoparticles presented in this paper with desirable characteristics including the induction of strong anti-tumor response, precise control, and superior safety profiles hold strong potential for preclinical and clinical anticancer therapy.