Reduced Neurog3 Gene Dosage Shifts Enteroendocrine Progenitor Towards Goblet Cell Lineage in the Mouse Intestine

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Transient expression of Neurog3 commits intestinal secretory progenitors to become enteroendocrine-biased progenitors and hence drive enteroendocrine differentiation. Loss of Neurog3 in mouse resulted in the depletion of intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and an increase in goblet cells. Earlier studies in developing mouse pancreas identified a role of Neurog3 gene dosage in endocrine and exocrine cell fate allocation. We aimed to determine whether Neurog3 gene dosage controls fate choice of enteroendocrine progenitors. METHODS: We acquired mutant Neurog3 reporter mice carrying 2, 1, or null Neurog3 alleles to study Neurog3 gene dosage effect by lineage tracing. Cell types arising from Neurog3+ progenitors were determined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against intestinal lineage-specific markers. RNA sequencing of sorted Neurog3(+/+), Neurog3(+/-), or bulk intestinal cells were performed and differentially expressed genes were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 2731 genes enriched in sorted Neurog3(+/+)-derived cells in the Neurog3(+/+)(EYFP) mouse intestine when compared with bulk duodenum epithelial cells. In the intestine of Neurog3(+/-EGFP) heterozygous mouse, we observed a 63% decrease in EEC numbers. Many Neurog3-derived cells stained for goblet marker Mucin 2. RNA sequencing of sorted Neurog(3+/-) cells uncovered enriched expression of genes characteristic for both goblet and enteroendocrine cells, indicating the mixed lineages arose from Neurog3+ progenitors. Consistent with this hypothesis, deletion of both Neurog3 alleles resulted in the total absence of EECs. All Neurog3(+)-derived cells stained for Mucin 2. CONCLUSIONS: We identified that the fate of Neurog3(+) enteroendocrine progenitors is dependent on Neurog3 gene dosage. High Neurog3 gene dosage enforces the commitment of secretory progenitors to an EE lineage, while constraining their goblet cell lineage potential. Transcriptome profiling data was deposited to Gene Ontology omnibus, accession number: GSE149203.

Automated summary

This study revealed that the fate of Neurog3(+) enteroendocrine progenitors is dependent on Neurog3 gene dosage, with high dosage enforcing commitment to the enteroendocrine lineage and constraining their potential to differentiate into goblet cells. The findings suggest a crucial role of Neurog3 gene dosage in controlling cell fate decisions in the intestine.