Electrically Charged Disinfectant Containing Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate Mesoscopic Crystals as a Potential Measure to Control Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris on Cabbage Seeds

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is an important seed-borne bacterial pathogen that causes black rot in brassica. Current seed disinfection methods for Xcc have disadvantages; chemical treatment has associated environmental risks, hot water immersion reduces germination, and dry heat treatment is protracted. Here, we treated Xcc-contaminated seeds with CAC-717, a recently developed disinfectant produced by applying an electric field and water flow to distilled water containing calcium hydrogen carbonate to produce mesoscopic crystals. The decimal reduction time (D-value) of Xcc suspension (8.22 log(10) colony forming units (CFU)/mL) by CAC-717 treatment was 0.319 min. Treatment of Xcc-contaminated cabbage seeds at 25 degrees C for 30 min with CAC-717 significantly reduced bacterial cell numbers recovered from the seeds (0.36 log(10) CFU/mL (SEM (standard error of the mean) = 0.23 log(10) CFU/mL)) compared with distilled water treatment (3.52 log(10) CFU/mL (SEM = 0.12 log(10) CFU/mL)). Moreover, there was a lower incidence of black rot after treatment with CAC-717 (26.67% +/- 3.33%) versus distilled water (56.67% +/- 8.82%). For non-contaminated seeds, there was no significant difference in germination rate and plant stem length between distilled water and CAC-717 treatment after 5 days of cultivation. In conclusion, CAC-717 is a promising seed disinfectant without deleterious effects on germination or plant growth.