A dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (bupropion) does not alter exercise performance of bank voles

Physical performance is determined both by biophysical and physiological limitations and behavioral characteristic, specifically motivation. We applied an experimental evolution approach combined with pharmacological manipulation to test the hypothesis that evolution of increased aerobic exercise performance can be triggered by evolution of motivation to undertake physical activity. We used a unique model system: bank voles from A lines, selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism (VO(2)swim), which achieved a 61% higher mass-adjusted VO(2)swim than those from unselected C lines. Because the voles could float on the water surface with only a minimum activity, the maximum rate of metabolism achieved in that test depended not only on their aerobic capacity, but also on motivation to undertake intensive activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that signaling of neurotransmitters putatively involved in regulating physical activity (dopamine and noradrenaline) had changed in response to selection. We measured VO(2)swim after intraperitoneal injections of saline or the norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion (20 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg). Additionally, we measured forced-exercise VO2 (VO(2)max). In C lines, VO(2)swim (mass-adjusted mean +/- standard error (SE): 4.0 +/- 0.1 mLO(2)/min) was lower than VO(2)max (5.0 +/- 0.1 mLO(2)/min), but in A lines VO(2)swim (6.0 +/- 0.1 mLO(2)/min) was as high as VO(2)max (6.0 +/- 0.1 mLO(2)/min). Thus, the selection effectively changed both the physiological-physical performance limit and mechanisms responsible for the willingness to undertake vigorous locomotor activity. Surprisingly, the drug had no effect on the achieved level of VO(2)swim. Thus, the results did not allow firm conclusions concerning involvement of these neurotransmitters in evolution of increased aerobic exercise performance in the experimental evolution model system.