期刊
BIOMOLECULES
卷 10, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom10091256
关键词
obesity; diabetes; MAPKs; ERK1/2; JNKs; p38; ERK5; ERK3; ERK7; NLK
资金
- European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant SicMetabol [678119]
- EMBO Installation Grant from European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
- Dioscuri Centre of Scientific Excellence
- Max Planck Society (MPG)
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW)
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- European Research Council (ERC) [678119] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
The family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) consists of fourteen members and has been implicated in regulation of virtually all cellular processes. MAPKs are divided into two groups, conventional and atypical MAPKs. Conventional MAPKs are further classified into four sub-families: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1, 2 and 3), p38 (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). Four kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3, 4, and 7 (ERK3, 4 and 7) as well as Nemo-like kinase (NLK) build a group of atypical MAPKs, which are activated by different upstream mechanisms than conventional MAPKs. Early studies identified JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 as well as p38 alpha as a central mediators of inflammation-evoked insulin resistance. These kinases have been also implicated in the development of obesity and diabetes. Recently, other members of conventional MAPKs emerged as important mediators of liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic beta-cell metabolism. Moreover, latest studies indicate that atypical members of MAPK family play a central role in the regulation of adipose tissue function. In this review, we summarize early studies on conventional MAPKs as well as recent findings implicating previously ignored members of the MAPK family. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting specific members of the MAPK family.
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