Combining laparoscopy and satellite tracking: Successful round-trip tracking of female green turtles from feeding areas to nesting grounds and back

Adult sea turtles undertake periodic long-distance migrations between foraging and nesting areas during breeding migrations, and an understanding the connectivity between these two important habitats can contribute to efficient conservation planning. We present the first round-trip migrations of three green sea turtles in the Arabian region, from a foraging area to a nesting site and back, along with an interpretation of reproductive behaviour which would not have been possible from open-ended tracks. We studied habitat connectivity between seagrass foraging areas in the UAE and nesting beaches, and used laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool to determine gender and reproductive state to enhance the value of satellite tracking data. We identify habitat connectivity between a foraging area at Bu Tinah in the UAE and a nesting site at Ras al Hadd in Oman, document migratory behaviour in the Arabian region, and demonstrate the enhanced value of combining laparoscopy when satellite tracking sea turtles from foraging areas. The results of our work can help develop bilateral or multi-lateral conservation strategies, contribute to the identification of Important Turtle Areas (ITAs), and support national and regional population assessments. In addition, our findings will complement risk assessments for sea turtles in the face of urban and industrial development, climate change, fishery pressure, and shipping activities. This work successfully linked foraging areas and nesting sites, and our approach can be used to provide value-added benefits to future tracking of sea turtles from foraging areas. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.