Performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics for Predicting EGFR Mutation Status in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective: To assess the performance of pretreatment F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18-FDG PET/CT) radiomics features for predicting EGFR mutation status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: We enrolled total 173 patients with histologically proven NSCLC who underwent preoperative F-18-FDG PET/CT. Tumor tissues of all patients were tested for EGFR mutation status. A PET/CT radiomics prediction model was established through multi-step feature selection. The predictive performances of radiomics model, clinical features and conventional PET-derived semi-quantitative parameters were compared using receiver operating curves (ROCs) analysis. Results: Four CT and two PET radiomics features were finally selected to build the PET/CT radiomics model. Compared with area under the ROC curve (AUC) equal to 0.664, 0.683 and 0.662 for clinical features, maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), the PET/CT radiomics model showed better performance to discriminate between EGFR positive and negative mutations with the AUC of 0.769 and the accuracy of 67.06% after 10-fold cross-validation. The combined model, based on the PET/CT radiomics and clinical feature (gender) further improved the AUC to 0.827 and the accuracy to 75.29%. Only one PET radiomics feature demonstrated significant but low predictive ability (AUC = 0.661) for differentiating 19 Del from 21 L858R mutation subtypes. Conclusions: EGFR mutations status in patients with NSCLC could be well predicted by the combined model based on F-18-FDG PET/CT radiomics and clinical feature, providing an alternative useful method for the selection of targeted therapy.