Computed Tomography-Based Radiomics Signature for the Preoperative Differentiation of Pancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma From Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Purpose The purpose was to assess the predictive ability of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics signature in differential diagnosis between pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Materials and Methods Eighty-one patients (63.6 +/- 8.8 years old) with PDAC and 31 patients (64.7 +/- 11.1 years old) with PASC who underwent preoperative CE-CT were included. A total of 792 radiomics features were extracted from the late arterial phase (n= 396) and portal venous phase (n= 396) for each case. Significantly different features were selected using Mann-WhitneyUtest, univariate logistic regression analysis, and minimum redundancy and maximum relevance method. A radiomics signature was constructed using random forest method, the robustness and the reliability of which was validated using 10-times leave group out cross-validation (LGOCV) method. Results Seven radiomics features from late arterial phase images and three from portal venous phase images were finally selected. The radiomics signature performed well in differential diagnosis between PASC and PDAC, with 94.5% accuracy, 98.3% sensitivity, 90.1% specificity, 91.9% positive predictive value (PPV), and 97.8% negative predictive value (NPV). Moreover, the radiomics signature was proved to be robust and reliable using the LGOCV method, with 76.4% accuracy, 91.1% sensitivity, 70.8% specificity, 56.7% PPV, and 96.2% NPV. Conclusion CT-based radiomics signature may serve as a promising non-invasive method in differential diagnosis between PASC and PDAC.