期刊
GENES
卷 11, 期 10, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes11101126
关键词
sex chromosome; birds; sex-specific selection; gene expression
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31671319, 31722050]
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LD19C190001]
- European Research Council [677696]
- uni:docs fellowship
- European Research Council (ERC) [677696] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Sex chromosomes are unique genomic regions with sex-specific or sex-biased inherent patterns and are expected to be more frequently subject to sex-specific selection. Substantial knowledge on the evolutionary patterns of sex-linked genes have been gained from the studies on the male heterogametic systems (XY male, XX female), but the understanding of the role of sex-specific selection in the evolution of female-heterogametic sex chromosomes (ZW female, ZZ male) is limited. Here we collect the W-linked genes of 27 birds, covering the three major avian clades: Neoaves (songbirds), Galloanserae (chicken), and Palaeognathae (ratites and tinamous). We find that the avian W chromosomes exhibit very conserved gene content despite their independent evolution of recombination suppression. The retained W-linked genes have higher dosage-sensitive and higher expression level than the lost genes, suggesting the role of purifying selection in their retention. Moreover, they are not enriched in ancestrally female-biased genes, and have not acquired new ovary-biased expression patterns after becoming W-linked. They are broadly expressed across female tissues, and the expression profile of the W-linked genes in females is not deviated from that of the homologous Z-linked genes. Together, our new analyses suggest that female-specific positive selection on the avian W chromosomes is limited, and the gene content of the W chromosomes is mainly shaped by purifying selection.
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