期刊
CATALYSTS
卷 10, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/catal10080934
关键词
biochar oxidation; surface oxygenated functional groups; ion-exchange; Ru/C catalyst; furfural hydrogenation
资金
- BioFuelNet Center of Excellence (Task force 4E)
- Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada [NSERC-CRDPJ 471001-14]
Catalytic hydrogenation of aldehydes is required as the stabilizing step in bio-oils conversion. Ruthenium supported on carbon was used in the present work for hydrogenation of furfural (FF) to furfuryl alcohol (FA). Converting a biochar with no surface area and low carboxyl groups surface density to an outstanding catalyst support using a very simple mild air/steam oxidation is the original contribution of this work. The mildly oxidized biochar is impregnated with a targeted loading of 2.5 wt.% Ru via ion-exchange, using Ru(NH3)(6)Cl-2 precursor. ICP analysis shows that the mild oxidation increases Ru adsorption capacity of untreated biochar from 1.2 to 2.2 wt.%.H-2 chemisorption and TEM analysis indicate that the preliminary mild oxidation leads to higher Ru dispersion. XPS analysis also shows that the treatment prevents Ru from surface segregation. The highest value of 93% FA selectivity at 53% FF conversion was obtained in a batch autoclave reactor under optimized conditions.
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