期刊
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL METHODS
卷 106, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106934
关键词
Drug metabolism; Cytochrome P450; Microsomes; Fetal; Sheep; CYP1A2; CYP2C9; CYP2D6; CYP3A4
资金
- Commonwealth of South Australia scholarship
- Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) scholarship
- Australian Research Council Future Fellowship [FT170100431]
Introduction: Ex vivo studies of human fetal hepatic drug metabolism are uncommon as it requires access to functional liver tissue and therefore raises practical and ethical concerns. Large animal models provide an alternative opportunity to study changes in cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in the mother and fetus during pregnancy. We aimed to develop methods to determine the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in sheep hepatic microsomes. Methods: We identified optimal conditions to determine the activity of CYP1A2 (using the probe drug phenac-etin), CYP2C9 (diclofenac), CYP2D6 (dextromethorphan) and CYP3A4 (midazolam) by varying techniques for microsome extraction, probe drug concentration, incubation time and microsome concentration. The specificity of each probe drug was assessed by determining the rate of metabolism when specific CYP enzyme inhibitors were included in the reaction. Results: The optimum incubation time and probe drug concentration was six hours with 5 mu M phenacetin (CYP1A2), four hours with 10 mu M diclofenac (CYP2C9), 30 min with 1 mu M of midazolam (CYP3A4) and 10 min with 1 mu M dextromethorphan (CYP2D6). For both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 reactions required 20 mu g of microsomal protein, whereas for CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, reactions required 40 mu g of microsomal protein. Metabolism of phenacetin, dextromethorphan and midazolam was reduced by specific enzyme inhibitors, but the specific CYP2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole did not substantially inhibit diclofenac metabolism. Discussion: This study identifies the optimal conditions for determining CYP activity in maternal sheep hepatic microsomes. In doing so, we have developed a standardised protocol for assessment of microsomal activity of CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, but we were unable to optimise conditions for assessment of CYP2C9. This approach can be applied to investigate the impact of pregnancy complications on maternal and fetal hepatic drug metabolism.
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