Monolithic focus-tunable lens technology enabled by disk-type dielectric-elastomer actuators

We propose a monolithic focus-tunable lens structure based on the dielectric-elastomer actuator (DEA) technology. In our focus-tunable lens, a soft lens and radial in-plane actuator mimicking the ocular focal-tuning mechanism are constructed in a single body of an optimized dielectric-elastomer film. We provide device fabrication methods including elastomer synthesis, structure formation, and packaging process steps. Performance test measurements show 93% focal tunability and 7 ms response time under static and dynamic electrical driving conditions, respectively. These performance characteristics are substantially enhanced from the previous polylithic DEA tunable lens by a factor 1.4 for the focal tunability and a factor 9.4 for the dynamic tuning-speed limit. Therefore, we obtain greatly enhanced focal tuning control in a remarkably simple and compact device structure.