期刊
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
卷 10, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74003-1
关键词
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资金
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC0276SF00515]
- Volkswagen Foundation
- DFG [SCHR 1137/1-1]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- DOE Fusion Energy Sciences [FWP 100182]
We report the time-resolved femtosecond evolution of the K-shell X-ray emission spectra of iron during high intensity illumination of X-rays in a micron-sized focused hard X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam. Detailed pulse length dependent measurements revealed that rapid spectral energy shift and broadening started within the first 10 fs of the X-ray illumination at intensity levels between 10(17) and 10(18) W cm(-2). We attribute these spectral changes to the rapid evolution of high-density photoelectron mediated secondary collisional ionization processes upon the absorption of the incident XFEL radiation. These fast electronic processes, occurring at timescales well within the typical XFEL pulse durations (i.e., tens of fs), set the boundary conditions of the pulse intensity and sample parameters where the widely-accepted 'probe-before-destroy' measurement strategy can be adopted for electronic-structure related XFEL experiments.
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