MSAC: Towards data driven system behavior classification for TBM tunneling

Rockmass classification systems are an integral part of today's geotechnical design process. Many of these classification systems are however based on subjective or semiquantitative assessments which leads to a call for more objective classification systems. One way to achieve this goal in mechanized (TBM) tunneling is to use the TBM operational data - or computed parameters thereof - as a basis to decide whether or not regular advance is at hand. We support this data driven approach by presenting MSAC (Multivariate sequence Segmentation, Abstraction and Classification) which is a computational framework that ultimately tells how regular the present TBM data is. MSAC utilizes several techniques of unsupervised machine learning and consists of multiple steps: 1. Computation of parameters like the specific penetration; 2. Preprocessing of the data (e.g. filtering, noise reduction); 3. Segmentation of the multivariate sequence into subsequences; 4. Abstraction/feature engineering from the subsequences; 5. Classification of the sequences by applying a statistical threshold on the Mahalanobis distances of each abstracted feature. We compare MSAC to another TBM data driven rockmass classification system which is based on computation of the torque ratio and discriminates hindered from regular advance via a fixed threshold. The comparison shows that MSAC yields more comprehensible results, is less afflicted by construction site specific specialties and is less sensitive towards outliers, sensory malfunctions or data noise.