4.7 Article

Machine learning-driven algorithms for the container relocation problem

期刊

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2020.05.017

关键词

Container relocation; branch-and-bound algorithm; beam search; machine learning-driven technique

资金

  1. National Key R&D Program of China [2018AAA0101705]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [71872092]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The container relocation problem is one of important issues in seaport terminals which could bring a significant saving on the operating cost even with a slight improvement due to the huge number of containers processed across the world each year. Given a specific layout and container retrieval priorities, the container relocation problem aims to find the optimal movement sequence to minimize the total number of container relocation operations. In this paper, we propose novel machine learning-driven algorithms, which integrate optimization methods and machine learning techniques, to solve the problem. More specifically, we propose a new upper bound method called MLUB that incorporates branch pruners. These pruners are derived from some machine learning techniques through using the optimal solution values of many small-scale instances. The tightened upper bounds generated by MLUB are used subsequently both in the exact branch-and-bound algorithm called IB&B and the hybrid beam search heuristic called MLBS. Moreover, we also provide a tighter lower bound for the problem by additionally considering the interaction between consecutive target containers. Based on the benchmark data published recently in the literature, extensive experiments are conducted to test the performance of the proposed algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms reported in the literature, and some managerial insights regarding the load intensity of the bay and some algorithm parameters such as the look-ahead depth and the beam width are drawn from the results. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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