期刊
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
卷 68, 期 4, 页码 1824-1834出版社
WILEY-HINDAWI
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13872
关键词
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; coronavirus; domestic animal; carnivore; farmed animal
资金
- Projekt DEAL
The origins of the COVID-19 virus likely lie in animals such as bats and pangolins, rather than humans. Carnivores like domestic cats, ferrets, and minks are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, with evidence of possible cat-to-human transmission through airborne routes. Experimental assessments and studies are needed to evaluate the risk posed by COVID-19 in domestic and farmed carnivores.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) likely has evolutionary origins in other animals than humans based on genetically related viruses existing in rhinolophid bats and pangolins. Similar to other animal coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 contains a functional furin cleavage site in its spike protein, which may broaden the SARS-CoV-2 host range and affect pathogenesis. Whether ongoing zoonotic infections are possible in addition to efficient human-to-human transmission remains unclear. In contrast, human-to-animal transmission can occur based on evidence provided from natural and experimental settings. Carnivores, including domestic cats, ferrets and minks, appear to be particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 in contrast to poultry and other animals reared as livestock such as cattle and swine. Epidemiologic evidence supported by genomic sequencing corroborated mink-to-human transmission events in farm settings. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between experimentally infected cats additionally substantiates the possibility of cat-to-human transmission. To evaluate the COVID-19 risk represented by domestic and farmed carnivores, experimental assessments should include surveillance and health assessment of domestic and farmed carnivores, characterization of the immune interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and carnivore coronaviruses, determination of the SARS-CoV-2 host range beyond carnivores and identification of human risk groups such as veterinarians and farm workers. Strategies to mitigate the risk of zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 infections may have to be developed in a One Health framework and non-pharmaceutical interventions may have to consider free-roaming animals and the animal farming industry.
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