Switchable-hydrophilicity solvent liquid-liquid microextraction

Since their introduction by Philip G. Jessop and co-workers in 2005, switchable-hydrophilicity solvents (SHS), have gained a wide acceptance among scientists working in the field of separation sciences for large- and small-scale extractions due to their greenness, ease of applicability, cost-effectiveness and rapidness of separation, among other advantages. This article presents a review of switchablehydrophilicity solvent liquid-liquid microextraction (SHS-LLME) of metal ions and organic compounds which are of special interest in environmental, food, industrial, pharmaceutical and biological research. Types of SHS, their synthesis, chemistry and applications in liquid-liquid microextraction are reviewed. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency of SHS-LLME, combination of the method with other sample preparation techniques as well as trends and future aspects are discussed. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.