期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 117, 期 44, 页码 27719-27730出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010890117
关键词
moral; learning; model-free; prediction error; neuroimaging
资金
- Medical Research Council Fellowship [MR/P014097/1]
- Christ Church Junior Research Fellowship
- Christ Church Research Centre Grant
- Wellcome Trust [203139/Z/16/Z, 106164/A/14/Z]
- Academy of Medical Sciences [SBF001\1008]
- Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship [103184/Z/13/Z]
- MRC [MR/P014097/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Moral behavior requires learning how our actions help or harm others. Theoretical accounts of learning propose a key division between model-free algorithms that cache outcome values in actions and model-based algorithms that map actions to outcomes. Here, we tested the engagement of these mechanisms and their neural basis as participants learned to avoid painful electric shocks for themselves and a stranger. We found that model-free decision making was prioritized when learning to avoid harming others compared to oneself. Model-free prediction errors for others relative to self were tracked in the thalamus/caudate. At the time of choice, neural activity consistent with model-free moral learning was observed in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), and switching after harming others was associated with stronger connectivity between sgACC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Finally, model-free moral learning varied with individual differences in moral judgment. Our findings suggest moral learning favors efficiency over flexibility and is underpinned by specific neural mechanisms.
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