期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
卷 108, 期 10, 页码 1728-1758出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2020.3006041
关键词
Circulators; Ferrites; Microwave circuits; Gyrators; Isolators; Magnetic cores; Magnetic circuits; Magnetic circuits; Microwave communication; Spatiotemporal phenomena; Radar imaging; Circulators; microwave devices; nonreciprocity
资金
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program
- Department of Defense
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency SPAR program
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency NASCENT program
- Simons Foundation
- National Science Foundation EFRI program
In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of past and present efforts in the field of microwave nonreciprocity with an emphasis on the most commonly used nonreciprocal devices, namely gyrators, isolators, and circulators. After discussing the origin and history of such efforts, we elaborate on the pros and cons of four distinct approaches to break reciprocity which include magnetic biasing of ferrite materials, intrinsic nonreciprocity of solid-state devices, nonlinearities with geometric asymmetries, and finally, periodic spatiotemporal variation. We subsequently pay due attention to the spatiotemporal approach and show that the recently emerging proposals to achieve magnet-free nonreciprocity with linear, periodically time-varying circuits can compete with traditional ferrite devices and even outperform them in several metrics, thus opening the door to exciting venues for miniaturized low-cost and high-performance nonreciprocal devices with numerous applications ranging from full-duplex communications and quantum computing to biomedical imaging and radar systems.
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