Ipriflavone and Ipriflavone loaded albumin nanoparticles reverse lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation in rats

Background Neuroinflammation causes neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ipriflavone (IP), therapeutic compound to postmenopausal osteoporosis, has limited estrogenic activity and is accounted as AChE inhibitor. The developing of drug delivery systems to enable drug targeting to specific sites increases the drug therapeutic effect. Objective The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate ipriflavone loaded albumin nanoparticles (IP-Np) along with free ipriflavone against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neuroinflammation in rats. Methods Neuroinflammation was induced by intra-peritoneal (i.p) injection of LPS (250 mu g/kg rat body weight) then treatments were conducted with(1)ipriflavone at two doses 50 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg,(2)IP-Np (5 mg ipriflavone/kg) or(3)IP-Np coated with polysorbate 80 (IP-Np-T80) (5 mg ipriflavone/kg). The alteration of the inflammatory response in male adult Wistar rats' brain hippocampus was investigated by examining associated indices using biochemical and molecular analyses. Results A significant upsurge in inflammatory mediators and decline in antioxidant status were observed in LPS-induced rats. In one hand, ipriflavone (50 mg/kg), IP-Np and IP-Np-T80 ameliorated LPS induced brain hippocampal inflammation where they depreciated the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta) and enhanced antioxidant status. In another hand, ipriflavone at dose (5 mg/kg) didn't show the same therapeutic effect. Conclusion The current study provides evidence for the potential neuroprotective effect of ipriflavone (50 mg/kg) against LPS-induced neuroinflammation in rats through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Moreover, nanoparticles significantly attenuated neuroinflammation in concentration lower than the effective therapeutic dose of free drug ten times.