CRISPR/Cas-based precision genome editing via microhomology-mediated end joining

Gene editing and/or allele introgression with absolute precision and control appear to be the ultimate goals of genetic engineering. Precision genome editing in plants has been developed through various approaches, including oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM), base editing, prime editing and especially homologous recombination (HR)-based gene targeting. With the advent of CRISPR/Cas for the targeted generation of DNA breaks (single-stranded breaks (SSBs) or double-stranded breaks (DSBs)), a substantial advancement in HR-mediated precise editing frequencies has been achieved. Nonetheless, further research needs to be performed for commercially viable applications of precise genome editing; hence, an alternative innovative method for genome editing may be required. Within this scope, we summarize recent progress regarding precision genome editing mediated by microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) and discuss their potential applications in crop improvement.

Automated summary

The ultimate goals of genetic engineering are to achieve gene editing and allele introgression with absolute precision and control. Various approaches have been developed in plants for precision genome editing, with significant advancements in HR-mediated editing frequencies through CRISPR/Cas technology. Despite this progress, further research is needed for commercially viable applications of precise genome editing, potentially requiring alternative innovative methods.