Ichnological analysis as a tool for assessing deep-sea circulation in the westernmost Mediterranean over the last Glacial Cycle

During the Last Glacial Cycle (last similar to 130 kyr) climatically induced changes in the ocean dynamics affected the tracemaker habitat in the Alboran Sea Basin (westernmost Mediterranean), as observed in sediment records from ODP Leg 161 Sites 976 and 977. The trace fossil assemblage present is assigned to the Zoophycos ichnofacies and is of low/moderate diversity and comprises common Planolites, Chondrites and Thalassinoides, with occasional Scolicia and Zoophycos. Ichnodiversity, size of biogenic structures and percentage of bioturbational sedimentary structures clearly correlate. Fluctuations in ichnological features evidence a well-developed short-term cyclic pattern that could be related to environmental changes such as export production and oxygenation at the seafloor. The percentage of bioturbational sedimentary structures correlates well with sea-surface temperature (SST) records obtained for the Alboran Sea and Gulf of Lions, as well as with the delta O-18 profiles of Greenland ice cores. Correlation is seen for both the long-term (over the Last Glacial Cycle) and short-term changes, the latter comprising climate oscillations such as Heinrich Events, Younger Dryas, and periods of organic-rich layer deposition. Ichnological data also allow for a reconstruction of climatically induced changes in the ocean dynamics, which have a major incidence in the Western Mediterranean Deep Water that, in turn, affects deep-sea environmental conditions.

Automated summary

Research has shown that during the Last Glacial Cycle, climatically induced changes in ocean dynamics affected the tracemaker habitat in the Alboran Sea Basin. The trace fossil assemblage exhibited long-term and short-term fluctuations, correlating with sea-surface temperature records and delta O-18 profiles of Greenland ice cores. This indicates a reconstruction of climatically induced changes in ocean dynamics that have significant impacts on deep-sea environmental conditions in the Western Mediterranean Deep Water.