Plant traits related to precipitation sensitivity of species and communities in semiarid shortgrass prairie

Understanding how plant communities respond to temporal patterns of precipitation in water-limited ecosystems is necessary to predict interannual variation and trends in ecosystem properties, including forage production, biogeochemical cycling, and biodiversity. In North American shortgrass prairie, we measured plant abundance, functional traits related to growth rate and drought tolerance, and aboveground net primary productivity to identify: species-level responsiveness to precipitation (precipitation sensitivity S-spp) across functional groups; S-spp relationships to continuous plant traits; and whether continuous trait-S-spp relationships scaled to the community level. Across 32 plant species, we found strong bivariate relationships of both leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf osmotic potential psi(osm) with S-spp. Yet, LDMC and specific leaf area were retained in the lowest Akaike information criterion multiple regression model, explaining 59% of S-spp. Most relationships between continuous traits and S-spp scaled to the community level but were often contingent on the presence/absence of particular species and/or land management at a site. Thus, plant communities in shortgrass prairie may shift towards slower growing, more stress-resistant species in drought years and/or chronically drier climate. These findings highlight the importance of both leaf economic and drought tolerance traits in determining species and community responses to altered precipitation.

Automated summary

Understanding how plant communities respond to temporal patterns of precipitation is crucial for predicting ecosystem properties. Leaf economic and drought tolerance traits play key roles in determining species and community responses to altered precipitation, with communities potentially shifting towards slower growing, stress-resistant species in drought years.