期刊
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
卷 229, 期 2, 页码 675-691出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.16904
关键词
cold; cold hardening; evergreen conifer; low temperature acclimation; metabolism; phenology; photoperiod; photosynthesis
资金
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2018-6701227985]
- National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN2017-06552, RGPIN-202006928]
- CFI [36678, 27330]
- University of Toronto (RSAF)
- Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation [ER10-07-015]
- Genome Canada
- Genome Ontario
- Canada Research Chairs program
Evergreen conifers adjust metabolism and protect overwintering tissues against winter stresses. Environmental cues regulate signaling pathways that coordinate cold acclimation and cold hardiness. Evolutionary context, climate change impacts, and emerging research areas are important considerations.
Evergreen conifers are champions of winter survival, based on their remarkable ability to acclimate to cold and develop cold hardiness. Counterintuitively, autumn cold acclimation is triggered not only by exposure to low temperature, but also by a combination of decreasing temperature, decreasing photoperiod and changes in light quality. These environmental cues control a network of signaling pathways that coordinate cold acclimation and cold hardiness in overwintering conifers, leading to cessation of growth, bud dormancy, freezing tolerance and changes in energy metabolism. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic tools for conifers have improved our understanding of how trees sense and respond to changes in temperature and light during cold acclimation and the development of cold hardiness, but there remain considerable gaps deserving further research in conifers. In the first section of this review, we focus on the physiological mechanisms used by evergreen conifers to adjust metabolism seasonally and to protect overwintering tissues against winter stresses. In the second section, we review how perception of low temperature and photoperiod regulate the induction of cold acclimation. Finally, we explore the evolutionary context of cold acclimation in conifers and evaluate challenges imposed on them by changing climate and discuss emerging areas of research in the field.
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