Observation of energy-resolved many-body localization

Many-body localization-a phenomenon where an isolated system fails to reach thermal equilibrium-has been studied with a programmable quantum processor, which reveals the crucial role played by the initial energy on the onset of localization. Many-body localization (MBL) describes a quantum phase where an isolated interacting system subject to sufficient disorder displays non-ergodic behaviour, evading thermal equilibrium that occurs under its own dynamics. Previously, the thermalization-MBL transition has been largely characterized with the growth of disorder. Here, we explore a new axis, reporting on an energy-resolved MBL transition using a 19-qubit programmable superconducting processor, which enables precise control and flexibility of both disorder strength and initial state preparation. We observe that the onset of localization occurs at different disorder strengths, with distinguishable energy scales, by measuring time-evolved observables and quantities related to many-body wave functions. Our results open avenues for the experimental exploration of many-body mobility edges in MBL systems, whose existence is widely debated due to the finiteness of the system size, and where exact simulations in classical computers become unfeasible.

Automated summary

The study of many-body localization phenomenon revealed the crucial role played by initial energy using a quantum processor with programmable superconducting processor. The onset of localization was found to occur at different disorder strengths with distinguishable energy scales, as observed through time-evolved observables and quantities related to many-body wave functions. This opens avenues for experimental exploration of many-body mobility edges in MBL systems.