Impact of Mg level on lattice relaxation in a p-AlGaN hole source layer and attempting excimer laser annealing on p-AlGaN HSL of UVB emitters

Mg-doped p-type semiconducting aluminium-gallium-nitride hole source layer (p-AlGaN HSL) materials are quite promising as a source of hole 'p' carriers for the ultraviolet-B (UVB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs). However, the p-AlGaN HSL has a central issue of low hole injection due to poor activation of Mg atoms, and the presence of unwanted impurity contamination and the existence of a localized coherent state. Therefore, first the impact of the Mg level on the crystallinity, Al composition and relaxation conditions in the p-AlGaN HSL were studied. An increasing trend in the lattice-relaxation ratios with increasing Mg concentrations in the p-AlGaN HSL were observed. Ultimately, a 40%-60% relaxed and 1.4 mu m thick p-AlGaN HSL structure with total threading dislocation densities (total-TDDs) of approximately similar to 8-9 x 10(8) cm(-2) was achieved, which almost matches our previous design of a 4 mu m thick and 50% relaxed n-AlGaN electron source layer (ESL) with total-TDDs of approximately similar to 7-8 x 10(8) cm(-2). Subsequently, structurally a symmetric p-n junction for UVB emitters was accomplished. Finally, the influence of excimer laser annealing (ELA) on the activation of Mg concentration and on suppression of unwanted impurities as well as on the annihilation of the localized energy state in the p-AlGaN HSL were thoroughly investigated. ELA treatment suggested a reduced Ga-N bonding ratio and increased Ga-O, as well as Ga-Ga bonding ratios in the p-AlGaN HSL. After ELA treatment the localized coherent state was suppressed and, ultimately, the photoluminescence emission efficiency as well as conductivity were drastically improved in the p-AlGaN HSL. By using lightly polarized p-AlGaN HSL assisted by ELA treatment, quite low resistivity in p-type AlGaN HSL at room temperature (hole concentration is similar to 2.6 x 10(16) cm(-3), the hole mobility is similar to 9.6 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and the resistivity is similar to 24.39 omega. cm) were reported. ELA treatment has great potential for localized activation of p-AlGaN HSL as well as n- and p-electrodes on n-AlGaN and p-AlGaN contact layers during the flip-chip (FC) process in low operating UVB emitters, including UVB lasers.

Automated summary

Mg-doped p-type semiconducting AlGaN materials have potential as a hole source layer, but face challenges of low activation of Mg atoms and impurity contamination. By studying the impact of Mg concentration on crystallinity, the performance of p-AlGaN HSL was optimized.