期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 30, 期 1, 页码 255-273出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.15705
关键词
climate change; climatic variation; drought; phenotypic plasticity; Protea; transcriptomics
资金
- Dimensions of Biodiversity [1046328, 1045985]
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1045985] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1046328] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1045985] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Long-term environmental variation drives local adaptation and trait differentiation across populations, with plasticity-related genetic variation also under selection. Populations of Protea repens exhibit substantial variation in responses to drought, with common patterns such as reduced leaf size and stress-related gene up-regulation. Temperature plays a greater role than precipitation in shaping these patterns, with associations between traits, plasticity, gene networks, and source site climates suggesting climate change influences.
Long-term environmental variation often drives local adaptation and leads to trait differentiation across populations. Additionally, when traits change in an environment-dependent way through phenotypic plasticity, the genetic variation underlying plasticity will also be under selection. These processes could create a landscape of differentiation across populations in traits and their plasticity. Here, we performed a dry-down experiment under controlled conditions to measure responses in seedlings of a shrub species from the Cape Floristic Region, the common sugarbush (Protea repens). We measured morphological and physiological traits, and sequenced whole transcriptomes of leaf tissues from eight populations that represent both the climatic and the geographical distribution of this species. We found that there is substantial variation in how populations respond to drought, but we also observed common patterns such as reduced leaf size and leaf thickness, and up-regulation of stress-related and down-regulation of growth-related gene groups. Both high environmental heterogeneity and milder source site climates were associated with higher plasticity in various traits and co-expression gene networks. Associations between traits, trait plasticity, gene networks and the source site climate suggest that temperature may play a greater role in shaping these patterns when compared to precipitation, in line with recent changes in the region due to climate change. We also found that traits respond to climatic variation in an environment-dependent manner: some associations between traits and climate were apparent only under certain growing conditions. Together, our results uncover common responses of P. repens populations to drought, and climatic drivers of population differentiation in functional traits, gene expression and their plasticity.
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