Does a coffee plantation host potential pollinators when it is not flowering? Bee distribution in an agricultural landscape with high biological diversity in the BrazilianCampo Rupestre

BACKGROUND Natural environments within agricultural landscapes have been recognized as reservoirs of biodiversity and, therefore, providers of fundamental ecosystem services to human beings. Bees are the main providers of pollination and thus contribute to the production of food consumed worldwide. In this work, we evaluated the distribution of bees in an agricultural landscape of coffee plantation before and after coffee flowering. We aimed at understanding how richness, abundance and composition of bee communities vary among the different vegetation types within and around the coffee crops. RESULTS A total of 638 bees were collected - 312 in the dry season and 326 in the rainy season - totaling 85 species. The sampling methods collected different species, which provided complementary sampling. OnlyEuglossa leucotrichaandEulaema nigritawere recurrent in both seasons and vegetation types. There was no temporal difference in richness or abundance; however, both varied in relation to the vegetation type and were higher in the coffee-native transition area. Diverging from richness or abundance, the composition of the communities differed regarding season and vegetation types. CONCLUSION We reinforce the importance of maintaining native vegetation in areas surrounding coffee plantations since the crop poorly hosts pollinators when it is not flowering. Natural and semi-natural areas may act as reservoirs of floral visitors, thus maintaining potential cross-pollination services available to coffee production. (c) 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Automated summary

The study highlights the importance of maintaining native vegetation in agricultural landscapes for bee distribution and reproduction. While richness and abundance of bee species vary among different seasons and vegetation types, the composition of bee communities is more dependent on seasonality and vegetation types.