期刊
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
卷 17, 期 171, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0485
关键词
eelgrass; epiphytes; hydrodynamics; microenvironment; microsensor; boundary layer
资金
- Carlsberg Foundation [CF16-0899]
- Villum Foundation [00028156]
- Independent Research Fund Denmark [DFF-1323-00065B]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement [701366]
- IMAP network from the Future Ocean Cluster
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [701366] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
Intensified coastal eutrophication can result in an overgrowth of seagrass leaves by epiphytes, which is a major threat to seagrass habitats worldwide, but little is known about how epiphytic biofilms affect the seagrass phyllosphere. The physico-chemical microenvironment of Zostera marina L. leaves with and without epiphytes was mapped with electrochemical, thermocouple and scalar irradiance microsensors as a function of four irradiance conditions (dark, low, saturating and high light) and two water flow velocities (approx. 0.5 and 5 cm s(-1)), which resemble field conditions. The presence of epiphytes led to the build up of a diffusive boundary layer and a thermal boundary layer which impeded O-2 and heat transfer between the leaf surface and the surrounding water, resulting in a maximum increase of 0.8 degrees C relative to leaves with no epiphytes. Epiphytes also reduced the quantity and quality of light reaching the leaf, decreasing plant photosynthesis. In darkness, epiphyte respiration exacerbated hypoxic conditions, which can lead to anoxia and the production of potential phytotoxic nitric oxide in the seagrass phyllosphere. Epiphytic biofilm affects the local phyllosphere physico-chemistry both because of its metabolic activity (i.e. photosynthesis/respiration) and its physical properties (i.e. thickness, roughness, density and back-scattering properties). Leaf tissue warming can lead to thermal stress in seagrasses living close to their thermal stress threshold, and thus potentially aggravate negative effects of global warming.
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