Reliability and Reproducibility of Neuromelanin-Sensitive Imaging of the Substantia Nigra: A Comparison of Three Different Sequences

Background Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) of the substantia nigra provides a noninvasive way to acquire an indirect measure of dopamine functioning. Despite the potential of NM-MRI as a candidate biomarker for dopaminergic pathology, studies about its reproducibility are sparse. Purpose To assess the test-retest reproducibility of three commonly used NM-MRI sequences and evaluate three analysis methods. Study Type Prospective study. Population A total of 11 healthy participants age between 20-27 years. Field Strength/Sequence 3.0T;NM-MRIgradient recalled echo (GRE) with magnetization transfer (MT) pulse;NM-MRIturbo spin echo (TSE) withMTpulse;NM-MRI TSEwithoutMTpulse. Assessment Participants were scanned twice with a 3-week interval. Manual analysis, threshold analysis, and voxelwise analysis were performed for volume and contrast ratio (CR) measurements. Statistical Tests Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for test-retest and inter- and intrarater variability. Results The GRE sequence achieved the highest contrast and lowest variability (4.9-5.7%) and showed substantial to almost perfect test-retest ICC (0.72-0.90) for CR measurements. For volume measurements, the manual analysis showed a higher variability (10.7-17.9%) and scored lower test-retest ICCs (-0.13-0.73) than the other analysis methods. The threshold analysis showed higher test-retest ICC (0.77) than the manual analysis for the volume measurements. Data Conclusion NM-MRI is a highly reproducible measure, especially when using the GRE sequence and CR measurements. Volume measurements appear to be more sensitive to inter/intrarater variability and variability in placement and orientation of the NM-MRI slab. The threshold analysis appears to be the best alternative for volume analysis. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1

Automated summary

NM-MRI is a highly reproducible measure, with the GRE sequence showing the highest contrast and lowest variability for CR measurements.