Esophageal balloon calibration during Sigh: A physiologic, randomized, cross-over study

Purpose: Optimal esophageal balloon filling volume (V-best) depends on the intrathoracic pressure. During Sigh breath delivered by the ventilator machine, esophageal balloon is surrounded by elevated intrathoracic pressure that might require higher filling volume for accurate measure of tidal changes in esophageal pressure (Pes). The primary aim of our investigation was to evaluate and compare V-best during volume controlled and pressure support breaths vs. Sigh breath. Materials and methods: Twenty adult patients requiring invasive volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure were enrolled. After the insertion of a naso-gastric catheter equipped with 10 ml esophageal balloon, each patient underwent three 30-min trials as follows: VCV, pressure support ventilation (PSV), and PSV + Sigh. Sigh was added to PSV as 35 cmH(2)O pressure-controlled breath over 4 s, once per minute. PSV and PSV + Sigh were randomly applied and, at the end of each step, esophageal balloon calibration was performed. Results: Vbest was higher for Sigh breath (4.5 [3.0-6.8] ml) compared to VCV (1.5 [1.0-2.9] ml, P = 0.0004) and PSV tidal breath (1.0 [0.5-2.4] ml, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: During Sigh breath, applying a calibrated approach for Pes assessment, a higher Vbest was required compared to VCV and PSV tidal breath. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The study evaluated and compared the optimal esophageal balloon filling volume during Sigh breath, volume controlled ventilation (VCV), and pressure support ventilation (PSV). It was found that a higher filling volume was required during Sigh breath for accurate measurement of tidal changes in esophageal pressure (Pes). This highlights the importance of adjusting esophageal balloon filling volume based on the ventilation mode and intrathoracic pressure for accurate Pes assessment.