Realizing the simultaneous liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based quantification of >1200 biotoxins, pesticides and veterinary drugs in complex feed

The first quantitative multiclass approach enabling the accurate quantification of >1200 biotoxins, pesticides and veterinary drugs in complex feed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed. Optimization of HPLC/UHPLC (chromatographic column, flow rate and injection volume) and MS/MS conditions (dwell time and cycle time) were carried out in order to allow the combination of five major substance classes and the high number of target analytes with different physico-chemical properties. Cycle times and retention windows were carefully optimized and ensured appropriate dwell times reducing the overall measurement error. Validation was carried out in two compound feed matrices according to the EU SANTE validation guideline. Apparent recoveries matching the acceptable range of 60-140% accounted 60% and 79% for all analytes in cattle and chicken feed, respectively. High extraction efficiencies were obtained for all analyte/matrix combinations and revealed matrix effects as the main source for deviation of the targeted performance criteria. Concerning the methods repeatability 99% of all analytes in chicken and 96% in cattle feed complied with the acceptable RSD < 20% criterion. Limits of quantification were between 1-10 mu g/kg for the vast majority of compounds. Finally, the methods applicability was tested in >130 real compound feed samples and provides first insights into co-exposure of agro-contaminants in animal feed. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)