期刊
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
卷 236, 期 4, 页码 2333-2351出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30025
关键词
arterial disease; autophagy; LDLR; PCSK9; vascular cells
资金
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [PJT-165941]
- Graduate Self-Exploration and Innovation Project of Central South University [2019zzts907]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81670269, 81773736]
PCSK9 plays a crucial role in vascular diseases by regulating LDL cholesterol levels, and monoclonal antibodies targeting PCSK9 have shown to reduce LDL levels and cardiovascular events, leading to potential advancements in lipid-lowering therapy and disease prevention.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), a member of the proprotein convertase family, is an important drug target because of its crucial role in lipid metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests a direct role of localized PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. With this in our consideration, we reviewed PCSK9 physiology with respect to recent development and major studies (clinical and experimental) on PCSK9 functionality in vascular disease. PCSK9 upregulates low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels by binding to the LDL-receptor (LDLR) and facilitating its lysosomal degradation.PCSK9gain-of-function mutations have been confirmed as a novel genetic mechanism for familial hypercholesterolemia. Elevated serum PCSK9 levels in patients with vascular diseases may contribute to coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, vasculitis, aortic diseases, and arterial aging pathogenesis. Experimental models of atherosclerosis, arterial aneurysm, and coronary or carotid artery ligation also support PCSK9 contribution to inflammatory response and disease progression, through LDLR-dependent or -independent mechanisms. More recently, several clinical trials have confirmed that anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies can reduce systemic LDL levels, total nonfatal cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. Interaction of PCSK9 with other receptor proteins (LDLR-related proteins, cluster of differentiation family members, epithelial Na(+)channels, and sortilin) may underlie its roles in vascular disease. Improved understanding of PCSK9 roles and molecular mechanisms in various vascular diseases will facilitate advances in lipid-lowering therapy and disease prevention.
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