期刊
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
卷 146, 期 4, 页码 706-720出版社
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.013
关键词
Metabolic inflammation; obesity; NAFLD; T2D; innate immunity; microbiota; trained immunity
资金
- Irish Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme [GOIPD/2019/807]
- Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine [14/F/828]
- Precision Oncology Ireland [18/SPP/3522]
- Science Foundation Ireland Strategic Partnership Programme
- Irish Research Council PhD Scholarship Scheme [EBPPG/2018/137]
- Enterprise Ireland Innovation Partnership Programme [IP/2018/0710]
- Science Foundation Ireland Frontiers Award Programme [SFI 19/FFP/6625]
Metabolic inflammation (metaflammation) is characteristic of obesity-related metabolic disorders, associated with increased risk of development of type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or cardiovascular disease. Metaflammation refers to a chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation as opposed to the classical transient and acute inflammatory responses of the innate immune system. Metaflammation is driven by a range of adverse dietary factors, including saturated fatty acids and some sugars, suggesting that certain dietary triggers may be particularly relevant beyond simple excessive dietary intake presenting as obesity. Importantly, obese patients with diabetes have a higher risk of infection and display gut microbiota profiles characteristic of dysfunctional immunity. Targeting metaflammation has also emerged as a strategy to attenuate metabolic disease. In this review we explore how different nutrition interventions may reconfigure disrupted metabolic inflammation in type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by reestablishing a conventional proinflammatory program in innate immune cells and/or correcting dysbiosis to dampen systemic inflammation. We begin by reviewing concepts of metabolic inflammation relating to IL-1 beta inflammation and how it is induced by dietary and/or metabolic stressors. We then explore whether and how dietary interventions may attenuate processes pertaining to metaflammation, either directly or indirectly via the microbiome. Hence, we hope to bring new perspectives to alleviate the metaflammation typifying metabolic disease.
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