Comparison of three and one dimensional attacks of freeze-thaw and carbonation for concrete samples

In this work, the influence of water to cement ratio, air-entraining agent and alternative attack cycles of freeze-thaw and carbonation on compressive strength, carbonation depth, weight loss and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete samples is evaluated. What is more, the preliminary comparisons of weight loss and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity between three and one dimenSional alternative attacks of freeze-thaw and carbonation for concrete samples are performed. Besides, air bubble tests and water absorption rate tests, microstructural analysis techniques (X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis) are adopted to reveal the deterioration mechanism of alternative freeze-thaw and carbonation attacks. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.