期刊
EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
卷 21, 期 2, 页码 241-258出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1813276
关键词
Cancer biomarkers; prognosis; response to therapy; small extracellular vesicles (sEV); tumor-derived exosomes (TEX)
资金
- NIH [R01 CA168626, U01 DE029759, SBIR 75N91019C00042]
- NCN (National Science Center, Poland) [OPUS 14 2017/27/B/NZ6/01990]
- NAWA grant [PPI/APM/2019/1/00051/U001]
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) produced by tumors, known as TEX, act as potential cancer biomarkers by regulating the tumor microenvironment and carrying a rich cargo of membrane-bound proteins and nucleic acids. Upon transfer to recipient cells, TEX activate various molecular pathways and induce pro-tumor transcriptional changes.
Introduction Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) produced by tumors and called TEX mediate communication and regulate the tumor microenvironment. As a 'liquid tumor biopsy' and with the ability to induce pro-tumor reprogramming, TEX offer a promising approach to monitoring cancer progression or response to therapy. Areas covered TEX isolation from body fluids and separation by immunoaffinity capture from other EVs enables TEX molecular and functional characterization in vitro and in vivo. TEX carry membrane-bound PD-L1 and a rich cargo of other proteins and nucleic acids that reflect the tumor content and activity. TEX transfer this cargo to recipient cells, activating various molecular pathways and inducing pro-tumor transcriptional changes. TEX may interfere with immune therapies, and TEX plasma levels correlate with patients' responses to therapy. TEX induce local and systemic alterations in immune cells which may have a prognostic value. Expert opinion TEX have a special advantage as potential cancer biomarkers. Their cargo emerges as a correlate of developing or progressing malignant disease; their phenotype mimics that of the tumor; and their functional reprogramming of immune cells provides a reading of the patients' immune status prior and post immunotherapy. Validation of TEX and T-cell-derived sEV as cancer biomarkers is an impending future task.
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