Combining physicochemical model with the equivalent circuit model for performance prediction and optimization of lead-acid batteries

Lead-acid batteries with the largest markets among all kinds of batteries have advantages of mature technology, low price, good high/low temperature stability, high reliability, high safety and convenient maintenance. Improving their performance such as energy density and cyclability is still active research topic. In this paper, a new modeling method for lead-acid batteries through combining the physico-chemical model with the equivalent circuit model has been developed, which can broaden the appli-cation of the two models. The physicochemical model is used to replace the parameter identification experiment of the equivalent circuit model, which reduces the experimental cost. The physicochemical model is used to replace the calculation module of the electromotive force and the state of charge of the circuit model, which simplifies the equivalent circuit model and reduces its calculation time. A new empirical formula of equivalent circuit parameter is proposed based on the physicochemical model, the average relative error of the simulation results is reduced significantly. The results suggest that this paper's approach can be used for performance prediction and optimization of lead-acid batteries. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.