MAGT1 messenger RNA-corrected autologous T and natural killer cells for potential cell therapy in X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and neoplasia disease

Background aim: X-linked MAGT1 deficiency with increased susceptibility to EBV-infection and N-linked glycosylation defect' (XMEN) disease is caused by mutations in the magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene. Loss of MAGT1 function results in a glycosylation defect that abrogates expression of key immune proteins such as the NKG2D receptor on CD8(+) T and NK cells, which is critical for the recognition and killing of virus-infected and transformed cells, a biomarker for MAGT1 function. Patients with XMEN disease frequently have increased susceptibility to EBV infections and EBV-associated B cell malignancies, for which no specific treatment options are currently available. Experimental transfer of donor EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells may be beneficial but carries the risks of eliciting alloimmune responses. An approach for cell therapy to address viral infections and associated complications that avoids the risks of alloimmunity is needed. Methods: Here the authors assess the feasibility and efficiency of correcting autologous lymphocytes from XMEN patients by MAGT1 mRNA electroporation (EP) that avoids genomic integration and can be scaled for clinical application. Results and conclusions: Restoration of NKG2D expression was demonstrated in XMEN patient lymphocytes after MAGT1 mRNA electroporation that reach healthy donor levels in CD8(+) T and NK cells at 1-2 days after EP. NKG2D expression persisted at similar to 50% for 2 weeks after EP. Functionally, mRNA-correction of XMEN NK cells rescued cytotoxic activity also to healthy donor NK cell level. The restored NKG2D receptor expression and function were unaffected by cryopreservation, which will make feasible repeat infusions of MAGT1 mRNA-corrected autologous XMEN CD8(+) T and NK cells for potential short term therapy for XMEN patients without the risks of alloimmunization. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy.

Automated summary

XMEN disease is caused by mutations in the MAGT1 gene, leading to increased susceptibility to EBV infection and N-linked glycosylation defect. Restoration of NKG2D expression by MAGT1 mRNA electroporation in XMEN patients can improve immune response and cytotoxic activity, potentially offering a short-term therapy option.