Probing the diversity and regulation of tRNA modifications

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are non-coding RNAs essential for protein synthesis. tRNAs are heavily decorated with a variety of post transcriptional modifications (tRNA modifications). Recent methodological advances provide new tools for rapid profiling of tRNA modifications and have led to discoveries of novel modifications and their regulation. Here, we provide an overview of the techniques for investigating tRNA modifications and of the expanding knowledge of their chemistry and regulation.