Toxoplasmosis after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation-disease burden and approaches to diagnosis, prevention and management in adults and children

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a rare but highly lethal opportunistic infection after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Successful management depends on screening, early recognition and effective treatment. Objectives: To review the current epidemiology and approaches to diagnosis, prevention and treatment of toxoplasmosis in adult and paediatric allogeneic HCT recipients. Source: Search of the English literature published in MEDLINE up to 30 June 2020 using combinations of broad search terms including toxoplasmosis, transplantation, diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Selection of articles for review and synthesis on the basis of perceived quality and relevance of content. Content: Toxoplasmosis continues to be a major challenge in the management of allogeneic HCT recipients. Here we provide a summary of published case series of toxoplasmosis in adult and paediatric patients post allogeneic Ha. We review and discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and current recommendations for prevention and treatment. We also discuss impacts of toxoplasmosis in this setting and factors affecting outcome, emphasizing attention to neurological, neuropsychological and neurocognitive late effects in survivors. (C) 2020 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Toxoplasmosis is a major challenge in the management of allogeneic HCT recipients, requiring screening, early recognition, and effective treatment for success. Attention to pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention and treatment recommendations is crucial for managing toxoplasmosis effectively.