Benralizumab in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated by Staphylococcus aureus sepsis

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) is an ANCA-associated small-vessels vasculitis characterized by hypereosinophilia and eosinophilic asthma. EGPA with life-threatening organ involvement, particularly cardiac and central nervous system (CNS), is a medical emergency requiring immediate immunosuppression. We describe a 58-year-old patient with a history of chronic rhinosinusitis and eosinophilic asthma, who presented with fever, hypereosinophilia and systemic inflammation. Diagnostic workup identified a cardiac mass, CNS vasculitis, CNS embolization and Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures. Due to rapid normalization of blood cultures, the intracardiac mass was not considered as primarily infective. Active EGPA with cardiac and CNS involvement complicated by a secondary S. aureus sepsis was diagnosed. In order to not negatively impact antibacterial immunity in active EGPA, antibiotic therapy was combined with Benralizumab, which was well tolerated and EGPA resolved rapidly. Benralizumab could serve as a therapeutic option for eosinophil-mediated pathologies in severely ill patients where immunosuppressives are initially contraindicated.

Automated summary

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) is a small-vessels vasculitis associated with ANCA, characterized by hypereosinophilia and eosinophilic asthma. In cases of life-threatening organ involvement, particularly cardiac and central nervous system (CNS), immediate immunosuppression is required. Antibiotic therapy combined with Benralizumab can be a potential therapeutic option for active EGPA with eosinophil-mediated pathologies in severely ill patients.