Structural Transformations and Spin-Crossover in [FeL2]2+ Salts (L=4-{tert-Butylsulfanyl}-2,6-di{pyrazol-1-yl}pyridine): The Influence of Bulky Ligand Substituents

4-(tert-Butylsulfanyl)-2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (L) was obtained in low yield from a one-pot reaction of 2,4,6-trifluoropyridine with 2-methylpropane-2-thiolate and sodium pyrazolate in a 1:1:2 ratio. The materials [FeL2][BF4](2).solv (1[BF4](2).solv) and [FeL2][ClO4](2).solv (1[ClO4](2).solv; solv=MeNO2, MeCN or Me2CO) exhibit a variety of structures and spin-state behaviors including thermal spin-crossover (SCO). Solvent loss on heating 1[BF4](2).x MeNO2 (x approximate to 2.3) occurs in two steps. The intermediate phase exhibits hysteretic SCO around 250 K, involving a reverse-SCO step in its warming cycle at a scan rate of 5 K min(-1). The reverse-SCO is not observed in a slower 1 K min(-1) measurement, however, confirming its kinetic nature. The final product [FeL2][BF4](2).0.75 MeNO2 was crystallographically characterized, and shows abrupt but incomplete SCO at 172 K which correlates with disorder of an L ligand. The asymmetric unit of 1[BF4](2).y Me2CO (y approximate to 1.6) contains five unique complex molecules, four of which undergo gradual SCO in at least two discrete steps. Low-spin 1[ClO4](2).0.5 Me2CO is not isostructural with its BF4- congener, and undergoes single-crystal-to-single-crystal solvent loss with a tripling of the crystallographic unit cell volume, while retaining the P1? space group. Three other solvate salts undergo gradual thermal SCO. Two of these are isomorphous at room temperature, but transform to different low-temperature phases when the materials are fully low-spin.

Automated summary

The study investigates the behavior of various iron complexes in solvent loss and thermal spin-crossover, revealing the complexity of photoinduced transitions and the diverse spin behaviors observed. The crystallographic characterization highlights the complexity of the system and the different observed spin behaviors during the transformations.