Kefiran-based films: Fundamental concepts, formulation strategies and properties

Concerns about plastic pollution have driven research into novel bio-derived and biodegradable polymers with improved properties. Among the various classes of biopolymers studied, kefiran films only have gained emphasis in recent years. Its film-forming ability and outstanding biological activities illustrate its potential for active packaging applications. However, despite recent advances, the key challenge is still associated with obtaining high water vapor barrier and better mechanical properties. In that fashion, this review highlights for the first time the cutting-edge advances in the preparation, characterization and enhancement of the packaging per-formance of kefiran-based films. The fundamental concepts of the biopolymer production and chemical analysis are previously outlined to direct the reader to the structure-property relationship. In addition, this research critically discusses the current challenges and prospects toward better material properties.