Sexual health after a breast cancer diagnosis in young women: clinical implications for patients and providers

Purpose Sexual dissatisfaction after breast cancer treatment is a common phenomenon that, unfortunately, places a significant strain on young women and is becoming more common as treatment regimens rely more and more on anti-endocrine therapies. Methods A PubMed review of peer reviewed manuscripts between the years 1998-2020 evaluating sexual health and wellbeing in cancer patients, primarily young women with breast cancer, was conducted. Results There are several categories of sexual dissatisfaction women may experience as a result of her breast cancer diagnosis, including menopausal symptoms and dyspareunia, negative body image, reduced sexual desire, strained relationships and partner communication, and anxiety about cancer disclosure in dating relationships. Several methods of addressing each domain have been studied. While hormonal replacement therapy remains controversial, other medication regimens have been shown to be effective in treating menopausal symptoms and dyspareunia. Cognitive behavioral therapy, sex therapy, and couples' therapy are all effective in addressing a variety of symptoms across multiple domains. Conclusions Oncologists are often not prepared to discuss sexual health concerns as frequently as women need. Further work is needed to bring easily digestible and meaningful educational opportunities into clinical practice so young breast cancer survivors can receive comprehensive post-cancer survivorship care.