期刊
BIOTROPICA
卷 53, 期 1, 页码 110-120出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/btp.12850
关键词
biomechanics; Danum Valley; gravitational stability; maximum tree height; Menara; terrestrial laser scanning (TLS); wind damage
类别
资金
- NERC [NE/S010750/1, NE/P012337/1, NE/P004806/1, NE/I528477/1, NE/N00373X/1, NE/P011780/1]
- Metrology for Earth Observation and Climate project (MetEOC-2)
- European Metrology Research Program (EMRP) [ENV55]
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K016385/1, NE/P012337/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/P011780/1, nceo020002, NE/P012337/1, NE/S010750/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The maximum height of trees is limited by mechanical stability and wind risk. As tree height increases, the risk of breaking due to gravity or self-weight decreases, but wind damage risk increases, resulting in a U-shaped relationship between tree height and mechanical risk.
The factors that limit the maximum height of trees, whether ecophysiological or mechanical, are the subject of longstanding debate. Here, we examine the role of mechanical stability in limiting tree height and focus on trees from the tallest tropical forests on Earth, in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, including the recently discovered tallest tropical tree, a 100.8 mShorea faguetiananamed Menara. We use terrestrial laser scans, in situ strain gauge data and finite element simulations, to map the architecture of tall tropical trees and monitor their response to wind loading. We demonstrate that a tree's risk of breaking due to gravity or self-weight decreases with tree height and is much more strongly affected by tree architecture than by material properties. In contrast, wind damage risk increases with tree height despite the larger diameters of tall trees, resulting in a U-shaped curve of mechanical risk with tree height. Our results suggest that the relative rarity of extreme wind speeds in north Borneo may be the reason it is home to the tallest trees in the tropics.
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