Vermicomposting of invasive weed Ageratum conyzoids: Assessment of nutrient mineralization, enzymatic activities, and microbial properties

Ageratum conyzoids biomass was vermicomposted with cow dung in 25 (T-25), 50 (T-50), and 75 (T-75) % (v/v) ratios and changes in physicochemical characteristics, enzymatic activities (proteases, dehydrogenases, beta-galactosidase and phosphatases), and microbial population (bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetes) was recorded. Vermicomposting caused a decrease in pH, OCtotal (27.3-35.3%), but an increase in N-total (59.6-69.9%), P-aval (53.8-148.7%), K-total (32.2-92.43%), and Ca-total (25.5-55.3%). The peaked enzymatic activities were recorded between 5 and 15 d. T-50 and T-75 showed the highest fold increase in bacteria (2.09-to-2.51), fungi (1.48-to-2.41), actinomycetes (1.52-to-1.79) population. The maximum biomass (883.67-1480 mg), cocoon production (85.33-145.33), and population build-up in earthworm were recorded in setups with a high content of Ageratum. Germination index (> 80%) and soil respiration rate suggested the non-toxic impact of vermicomposted Ageratum. Results indicate that Ageratum could be biotransformed into toxic-free manure through vermitechnology.