Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer evaluations of 5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives targeting VEGFR-2 enzyme

Novel series of 5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives 4(a-c)-8(a-f) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against HepG2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines. MCF-7 was the most sensitive cell line to the influence of the new derivatives. In particular, compound 8(f) was found to be the most potent derivative overall the tested compounds against the three HepG2, HCT116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC50 = 11.19 +/- 0.8, 8.99 +/- 0.7 and 7.10 +/- 0.4 mu M respectively. Compound 8(f) exhibited lower activity than sorafenib, (IC50 = 9.18 +/- 0.6, 8.37 +/- 0.7 and 5.10 +/- 0.4 mu M respectively), against HepG2 and HCT116 but exhibited nearly the same activity against MCF-7 cancer cell lines respectively. Also, this compound displayed lower activity than doxorubicin, (IC50 = 7.94 +/- 0.6, 8.07 +/- 0.8 and 6.75 +/- 0.4 mu M respectively), against HepG2 and HCT116 but nearly the same activity against MCF-7cell lines respectively. The most active derivatives 6(c,d,f,g) and 8(a-f) were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. The elongation of the structures to have distal moieties enhanced anticancer and VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities as in compounds 8(a-f). Among them, compounds 8(f) was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR-2 at IC50 value of 0.22 +/- 0.02 mu M, which is nearly the half as that of sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 +/- 0.02 mu M). Furthermore, molecular design was performed to investigate their binding mode and affinities towards VEGFR-2 receptor. The data obtained from docking studies were highly correlated with that obtained from the biological screening.