The DEAH helicase DHX36 and its role in G-quadruplex-dependent processes

DHX36 is a member of the DExD/H box heli-case family, which comprises a large number of proteins involved in various cellular functions. Recently, the function of DHX36 in the regulation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) was demonstrated. G4s are alternative nucleic acid structures, which influence many cellular pathways on a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. In this review we provide an overview of the current knowledge about DHX36 structure, substrate specificity, and mechanism of action based on the available models and crystal structures. Moreover, we outline its multiple functions in cellular homeostasis, immunity, and disease. Finally, we discuss the open questions and provide potential directions for future research.

Automated summary

DHX36 belongs to the DExD/H box heli-case family and has been shown to play a role in regulating G-quadruplexes (G4s). G4s are alternative nucleic acid structures that have an impact on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This review provides an overview of DHX36's structure, substrate specificity, and mechanism of action, as well as its multiple functions in cellular homeostasis, immunity, and disease.