期刊
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
卷 1868, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118889
关键词
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; Amino acid sensing; Amino acid sensor; Amino acid signaling
资金
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea - Ministry of Education [2018R1A6A1A03023718]
- NRF - Korea government (MSIT) [2020R1A2C209958611]
- Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF - Ministry of Science ICT [2020M3E5E2040282]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020M3E5E2040282] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play essential roles in protein synthesis and recent studies have revealed their previously unknown biological functions beyond catalytic roles. Sensing intracellular nutrients is crucial for cell physiology, and certain types of ARSs may be involved in sensing and signaling their cognate amino acids within cells.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved housekeeping enzymes used for protein synthesis that have pivotal roles in the ligation of tRNA with their cognate amino acids. Recent advances in the structural and functional studies of ARSs have revealed many previously unknown biological functions beyond the classical catalytic roles. Sensing the sufficiency of intracellular nutrients such as amino acids, ATP, and fatty acids is a crucial aspect for every living organism, and it is closely connected to the regulation of diverse cellular physiologies. Notably, among ARSs, leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) has been identified to perform specifically as a leucine sensor upstream of the amino acid-sensing pathway and thus participates in the coordinated control of protein synthesis and autophagy for cell growth. In addition to LARS1, other types of ARSs are also likely involved in the sensing and signaling of their cognate amino acids inside cells. Collectively, this review focuses on the mechanisms of ARSs interacting within amino acid signaling and proposes the possible role of ARSs as general intracellular amino acid sensors.
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